Bisaya Languages includes: Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Aklanon, Capiznon, Kinaray-a, Bantoanon, Romblomanon, Cuyonon, Tausug etc.
THE BIGGEST BISAYA CONFUSION
The Biggest Confusion among most Cebuano-speaking people in Cebu, Mindanao, Negros Oriental, Southern Leyte, and Southern Samar is that almost all of them think that their language is called Bisaya and that they are the only Bisaya people, which is totally False.
Even Hiligaynon-speaking people from Iloilo, Negros occidental, and part of Cotabato started to believe that Bisaya is an exclusive language for Cebuano-speakers.
This is like hijacking the Bisaya term away from other Bisaya people like the Hiligaynon, Waray, Aklanon, Capiznon, Kinaray-a, Bantoanon, Romblomanon, Cuyonon, Surigaonon, Butuanon, Tausug, and many others, which seems to have deprived them of the Bisaya identity.
The reason for this misunderstanding, in my opinion, is that Cebuano speakers have consistently claimed to speak Bisaya and that other languages like Hiligaynon, Waray, and Aklanon are not Bisaya. Naturally, after hearing it for so long from Cebuano speakers, they eventually start to believe it, especially since they haven’t looked into the history of the Bisaya.
The fact is that the Bisaya language family includes Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Aklanon, Capiznon, Kinaray-a, Bantoanon, Romblomanon, Cuyonon, Surigaonon, Butuanon, Tausug, and many others.
There is no such thing as a separate Bisaya language in Davao and other provinces of Mindanao.
Visayan languages in Mindanao not the same as Cebuano language?
Firstly, prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the Philippines, there had already been a migration of Cebuano-speaking people from Cebu to Southern Leyte, Butuan, and possibly even beyond Surigao to Davao. Rajah Humabon of Cebu, the cousin of Rajah Siagu, also known as Rajah Siawi, who ruled over the Rajahnate of Butuan and Calagan (Surigao) in North Eastern Mindanao, likely caused this migration.
But the major migration of Cebuanos to Mindanao was during President Elpidio Quirino’s proclamation No. 376, or Philippine resettlement program, on March 10, 1953. Other Filipino ethnicities from Luzon who settled in different parts of Mindanao, such as the Tagalog, Ilocano, and others, learned to speak the Cebuano language as well and helped spread the language.. This is the reason why, today, 90% of Mindanao people speak the Cebuano language.
The Ilocanos, Tagalogs, and other people of Luzon also settled in Mindanao and learned that the Cebuano language but they are not ethnic Bisaya.
They claim that there are different Bisaya languages in Mindanao such as Bisaya Davao Del Norte, Bisaya Davao Del Sur, Bisaya Davao De Oro, Bisaya Davao Occidental, Bisaya Davao Oriental, Bisaya Zambonga Del Sur, Bisaya Zambonga Del Norte, Bisaya Zambonga Sibugay, Bisaya Lanao Del Norte,Bisaya Lanao Del Sur, Bisaya Misamis Occidental, Bisaya Misamis Oriental, Bisaya Camiguin, Bisaya Sarangani, Bisaya South Cotabato, Bisaya Bukidnon but these are all Cebuano languages, with a few differences in some words, which is common because we are regionalized, and there are Tagalog words in the Cebuano language in Davao, which I think is because of the Tagalog people who settled in Davao. This is the reason why each version of the Cebuano language is able to understand the other. For example, when people from Negros Oriental, Cebu Province, Davao, Pagadian, and CDO speak to each other, they understand each other because they speak the same Cebuano language. I understand some people, especially those not knowing the history of Cebuano migration in Mindanao, call the Cebuano language in a particular city or province in Mindanao, Bisaya, and deny it is not the Cebuano language because they say they are not from Cebu, which is ridiculous.
There are many Cebuano speakers in Mindanao who claim to be Bisaya, but many of them are not Bisaya at all.
PSA Ethnicity Data (2020) is flawed, especially for the survey they did in Mindanao
Not all Cebuano speakers in Mindanao are Bisaya ethnicities. The early settlers in Mindanao, especially in the 1950s, came from Luzon and other parts of Visayas, such as Cebu, Iloilo, Antique, Negros, and others. They learned the Cebuano language and passed it on to their children and grandchildren.
These Cebuano speakers in Mindanao whose ancestry is from Luzon are not Bisaya people, except for those who came from different parts of the Bisaya Islands (Visayas), such as Cebu, Negros, Panay, Leyte, Samar, and other Bisaya islands.
In addition, the local indigenous people in Mindanao also learned to speak the Cebuano language instead of their native language. This will endanger different indigenous languages in Mindanao. As fewer people, especially the new generations, speak their native languages, there is a risk of endangering and potentially causing the extinction of these languages.
How do I check if I am Bisaya or not?
If you speak any Bisaya languages, such as Waray, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, etc., it doesn’t mean you are Bisaya. Bisaya is a family of different ethnic identities in the Bisaya islands; to know if you are a genuine or fake Bisaya, ask your parents their ancestry. If one or both of your parents’ ancestry or origin is from one of the Bisaya Islands, such as Panay, Romblon, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Guimaras, Masbate, Leyte, Samar, and others, then you can claim you are a Bisaya, and you may also speak any of the Bisaya languages, such as Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Aklanon, Capiznon, Kinaray-aray-a, and others. So if you were born and raised in Davao and speak the Cebuano language, but both of your parents’ ancestors were originally from Ilocos, then your ethnicity is Ilocano and not Bisaya.
If both of your grandparents originated from the Bisaya island of Samar, for instance, you are Waray (Bisaya); however, if both of your grandparents came from Ilocos, you are an Ilocano and not a Bisaya.
If your grandfather is from Iloilo in the Bisaya islands, and your grandmother is from Ilocos, then you are half Ilocano and half Ilonggo (Bisaya).
Your grandmother is a native of Mindanao, but your grandfather is from Samar. You should find out which ethnic group she is from: Subanen, Ata, Bagobo, Mamanua, Mandaya, Kamayo, Mangguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Matigsalog, Tagakaolo, Tala-andig, T’boli, Tiruray, Ubo, Tausog, Maguindanao, Maranao, Sama tribes (Balanguingui, Ubian, Simunul, Dilaut, etc.), Yakan, Jama Mapun, Sangil. If she is a Subanen, then you have half Subanen and half Waray (Bisaya) ethnicity. So your Nationality is Filipino and your Ethnicity is half Bisaya (Waray) and half Subanen.
https://www.youtube.com/embed/ot1BhTRNlXQ?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&start=203&wmode=transparenthttps://youtu.be/ot1BhTRNlXQ?t=203
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BISAYA FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What is Bisaya?
The Quickest Way to Explain What BISAYA Is.
VISAYAS is a Spanish term which means BISAYA, THE ISLANDS. It means the people who live in the Bisaya Islands are called Bisaya, and the languages spoken on the Bisaya Islands are called Bisaya or Binisaya, such as Waray, Cebuano, Kinaray-a, Hiligaynon, etc., which are part of the Bisaya language family.
Bisaya is a language family that consists of different Bisaya languages that are spoken in the Bisaya Islands (Visayas) and Mindanao. The different Bisaya languages are Hiligaynon, Waray, Cebuano, Karay-a, Capiznon, Aklanon, Surigaonon and many others which are examples of languages classified as belonging to the Bisaya linguistic family.
BISAYA is also a language family consisting of languages spoken in the Visayas and northern Mindanao. Bisayan languages include Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Karay-a, and Surigaonon, etc.
Bisaya also means a group of islands: Panay, Romblon, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Guimaras, Masbate, Leyte, and Samar.
BISAYA is also the name of the people whose ancestry can be traced back to the BISAYA Islands.
Is Bisaya a language?
No. It is a language family consisting of languages spoken in the Visayas and northern Mindanao. Bisayan languages include Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Karay-a, and Surigaonon, among others.
By: Dr Jecon Dreisbach PhD
PhD in Critical sociolinguistics Politics of Philippine Languages, identity, migration, culture, & media.
PhD in Sociolinguist and interdisciplinary social scientist
De La Salle University
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HOW DID VISAYAS GOT ITS NAME?
Visayas is the Spanish term for BISAYA the Islands. It means all languages, and the people who live on the islands are called BISAYA.
In 1630, a Spanish missionary, Fray Juan de Medina, named these islands Bisaya (Visayas) in 1630 because the languages on each island have many similar Bisaya words.
“But the proper name of these islands is Bisayas. Many tongues are spoken in them, for there are many islands and many villages, and there is hardly a village that does not have its own dialect. But the chief tongues are the Boholan, which is spoken in Sugbú, and the Hiligain, and they are very similar.” Fray Juan de Medina, (1630) The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898
In the next Spanish expeditions, they discovered more Bisaya islands in the region.
HOW MANY BISAYA ISLANDS ARE THERE?
Panay, Romblon, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Guimaras, Masbate, Leyte, and Samar
WHAT ARE THE BISAYA LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN THE BISAYA ISLANDS (VISAYAS) AND MINDANAO?
Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Aklanon, Capiznon, Kinaray-a, Bantoanon, Romblomanon, Cuyonon, Asi, Baybayano, Kinabalian, Bantayanon, Porohanon, Cuyunon, Caluyanon, Surigaonon, Butoanon, Tausug, Ratagnon, Inonhan, and other Bisaya languages.
WHAT ARE THE TOP 3 MOST SPOKEN BISAYA LANGUAGES?
(1.) Cebuano 21 million;
(2.) Hiligaynon 10 million;
(3.) Waray 3 million;
LANGUAGES IN THE BISAYA ISLANDS AND MINDANAO:
- Bisaya Island of Panay:
Hiligaynon is the spoken Bisaya language in Iloilo and Roxas,
Kinaray-a is the spoken Bisaya language in Antique and parts of Iloilo.
Aklanon is the spoken Bisaya language in Aklan
Capiznon and Hiligaynon are the spoken Bisaya languages in Capiz. - Bisaya Island of Negros:
Cebuano is the spoken Bisaya language in Negros Oriental.
Hiligaynon is the spoken Bisaya language in Negros Occidental. - Bisaya Island of Cebu:
Cebuano is the spoken Bisaya language in Cebu Province. - Bisaya Island of Bohol:
Boholano (local version of Cebuano language). - Bisaya Island of Siquijor:
Cebuano is the spoken Bisaya language in Siquijor. - Bisaya Island of Leyte:
Waray is the spoken Bisaya language in Northern Leyte.
Cebuano is the spoken Bisaya language in Western and Southern parts of Leyte. - Bisaya Island of Samar:
Waray is the spoken Bisaya language in Northern and Eastern Samar. - Bisaya Island of Romblon:
Rombloanon is the spoken Bisaya language in Romblon. Other languages are Asi and Onhan - Bisaya Island of Masbate:
People of Masbate speak 4 Bisaya languages:
Masbateño
Hiligaynon
Cebuano
Waray - Bisaya Island of Romblon: Rombloanon is the spoken Bisaya language in Romblon.
- Mindanao
Cebuanois the spoken Bisaya language in Zambonga Del Sur, Zambonga Del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Lanao Del Norte, Lanao Del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Davao Del Norte, Davao Del Sur, Davao De Oro, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Dinagat Islands, Surigao Del Norte, Bukidnon.- Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a are the spoken Bisaya languages in Sultan Kudarat.
- Hiligaynon and Cebuano are the spoken Bisaya languages in South Cotabato.
- Hiligaynon and Cebuano are the spoken Bisaya languages in Saranggani.
- Surigaonon and Cebuano are the spoken Bisaya languages in Surigao Del Norte.
- Surigaonon is the spoken Bisaya language in Surigao Del Sur.
- Butuanon and Cebuano are the spoken Bisaya languages in Butuan.
- Tausug is the spoken Bisaya language in Lanao Del Norte, Lanao Del Sur, Sulu, Basilan.
How did the Cebuano language become the majority language in Mindanao?
The original people who inhabited Mindanao were the Subanen, Ata, Bagobo, Mamanua, Mandaya, Kamayo, Mangguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Matigsalog, Tagakaolo, Tala-andig, T’boli, Tiruray, and Ubo.Maguindanao, Marano, Tausug, Samal, Bajau, Yakan, Ilanon, Sangir, Melabugnan and Jama Mapun and they speak their own different ethnic languages.
Before the Spanish came to the Philippines, there was already a migration of Cebuano people from Cebu to Southern Leyte to Butuan in Mindanao. The relatives of Rajah Humabon of Cebu is Rajah Kolambo, ruler of Limasawa in Southern Leyte. Rajah Siawi, also known as Rajah Siagu, was the ruler of Butuan and the Rajahnate of Kalagan Butuan and Surigao. Because of this movement of the Cebuano people, Rajah Humabon’s relatives have been spreading the Cebuano language in Butuan and all the way from Surigao to Davao. A specific language, such as Sugbuanon (Cebuano), can only originate from one place in Cebu and spread, not from two places. If there were Cebuano-speaking people somewhere else in Mindanao, those are the descendants from Cebu.
The largest migration of Cebuanos who brought with them the Cebuano language to Mindanao occurred during the 1950s during President Elpidio Quirino’s proclamation No. 376 on March 10, 1953, or the Philippine resettlement program. This explains why 90% of the people in Mindanao speak the Cebuano language.
Many Cebuanos moved to Mindanao during President Elpidio Quirino’s proclamation No. 376, or Philippine resettlement program, on March 10, 1953. They brought along the Cebuano language and adapted by other Filipino ethnicities in Mindanao. Other Filipino ethnicities from Luzon who settled in different parts of Mindanao, such as the Tagalog, Ilocano, and others, learned to speak the Cebuano language as well and helped spread the language. This is the reason why today 90% of Mindanao people speak the Cebuano language. Cebuano language became the majority language in Zambonga Del Sur, Zambonga Del Norte, Zambonga Sibugay, Lanao Del Norte, Lanao Del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Davao Del Norte, Davao Del Sur, Davao De Oro, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Dinagat Islands, Surigao Del Norte, Bukidnon.
Other Bisaya people who came to Mindanao were the Ilonggos from Iloilo in Panay, who brought with them the Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a languages who settled around Cotabato. Other Bisaya languages spoken in Mindanao are Surigaonon and Butuanon. The Ilocanos, Tagalogs, and other people of Luzon also settled in Mindanao and learned the Cebuano language.
HOW DID THE ILONGGO PEOPLE ARRIVED IN NEGROS OCCIDENTAL ?
Landlords from Iloilo brought Ilonggos to Negros starting in 1800’s , this branch have undergone transformations especially those who worked in vast haciendas
How do I check if I am Bisaya or not?
Most of the people from Mindanao that I interviewed who speak the Cebuano language and claim to be Bisaya actually don’t know their ethnicity or ancestry. They are also not aware that Bisaya is not a language. They don’t know that Bisaya is actually a language family that includes Hiligaynon, Waray, Cebuano, and Aklanon, among others. All of them don’t know that Visayas is the Spanish term for Bisaya.
It doesn’t mean you are Bisaya if you speak the Cebuano language. To be of Bisaya descent, you must first have ancestry from any of the Bisaya islands, such as Panay, Romblon, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Guimaras, Masbate, Leyte, Samar, and as far as Surigao and Butuan. If your mother’s ancestry can be traced back to Bacolod, Iloilo, Samar, Leyte, or Cebu but your father’s ethnic ancestry is from Ilocos, then you can claim you are half Bisaya and half Ilocano. But if both of your parents are from any of the Bisaya Islands, then your ethnicity is pure Bisaya.
The same reason why Ilocano, Tagalog, Capampangan, Chinese, Arab, Indian, Korean, and British people who came to migrate or work in Mindanao and learned to speak the Cebuano language do not make them into Bisaya ethnicity. Their ethnicities remain the same; if they go back to their own provinces and countries, they are still the same ethnicities, not Bisaya, because they never had any ancestry that can be traced in any of the Bisaya Islands.
# The First Bisaya Dictionary
The first ever Bisaya dictionary is Waray the “Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya” by Mateo Sanchez, which was completed in 1616. A Spanish friar named Mateo Sanchez was stationed to Dulag, Leyte (he also worked in the surrounding territories of Eastern Visayas). The dialect of Binisaya used there was recorded. His “Arte” is a dictionary as a result of the language’s dominance in the text. His book is divided into two halves. A Bisaya-Spanish dictionary is included in the first section, while a Spanish-Bisaya dictionary is included in the second. In the first part, some Cebuano words are mentioned by Sanchez, and he would always say that a certain word is either from Zebu (Cebu) or Bool (Bohol). In the second part, for every Spanish entry, the Visayan equivalents are almost always in pairs. One in Waray, and the one beside it in Cebuano. There could be two or more pairs,” and it’s always the Waray words that come before the Cebuano words.
# The First Bisaya Grammar Book
The first Bisaya grammar book is Hiligaynon the “Arte de la lengua Bisaya Hiligayna de la Isla de Panay” grammar manual by Alonso De Mentrida was finished in 1617. The “Arte de la lengua Bisaya Hiligayna de la Isla de Panay” dictionary, was released in 1637.
# The first Bisaya – Hiligaynon & Bisaya – Kinaray-a Dictionary
The first Bisaya – Hiligaynon & Bisaya – Kinaray-a dictionary, Bocabulario de lengua bisaya, hiligueyna y Haraya de la isla de Panay y Sugus y para las demas islas, was written by the friar Mentrida, Alonso de, 1559-1637
Alonso de Mentrida was one of the first to use baybayin script to write Bisaya Diccionario de la Lengua Bisaya, Hiligueina, and Haraya de la Isla de Panay (Dictionary of the Bisaya, Hiligaynon, and Karay-a Language of the Island of Panay) 1637.
Mentrida, Alonso de, 1559-1637: Diccionario de la Lengua Bisaya, Hiligueina y Haraya de la Isla de Panay (in Spanish; Manila: Imp. de D. Manuel y de D. Felis S. Dayot, 1841)
One of the languages spoken in Panay is named Hiligaynon, and Méntrida created a grammar for a language he termed Visaya-Hiligayna, also called Hiligaynon and one of the languages used in Panay. The Bisayan language family includes Hiligaynon. Historically, the Panay people were referred to as “Visayan”.
” He (Fray Alonso de Mentrida) composed a brief catechism, accurately written, in the Bisayan language, which is very useful for instructing those natives in the mysteries of our holy faith; this was printed twice, in order that there might be an abundant supply of a work so important for the welfare of soul”
Source : Ecclesiastical affairs 1630’s
The books that Fr. Alonso wrote on grammar, catechism, and ceremonies are arguably best recognized. Among these are the Ritual for the Administration of the Saints Sacramentos, the Arte de la lengua bisaya hiligayna de la Isla de Panay, the Catecismo de Doctrina Cristiana en lengua bisaya, and others.
In 1590, at the Convent of Our Lady of Grace of Casarrubios del Monte, Fr. Alonso made his vows to the Order. While serving as a missionary in the Philippines, he held a variety of positions, including those of Provincial Definitor (1614), Prior of the Convento de San Pablo de Manila (1618), and Prior Provincial of the Augustinian Province of the Most Holy Name of Jesus in the Philippines (1623). He also worked for other Augustinian institutions and missions in Panay (1607), Passi (1611), Bulacan (1617), and Bacolor (1620).
The books that Fr. Alonso wrote on grammar, catechism, and ceremonies are arguably best recognized. Among these are the Ritual for the Administration of the Saints Sacramentos, the Arte de la lengua bisaya hiligayna de la Isla de Panay, the Catecismo de Doctrina Cristiana en lengua bisaya, and others.
How did Visayas get its name?
Visayas is the Spanish term for BISAYA the Islands. It means all languages, and the people who live on the islands are called BISAYA.
In 1630, a Spanish missionary, Fray Juan de Medina, named these islands Bisaya (Visayas) because the languages on each island have many similar Bisaya words.
“But the proper name of these islands is the Bisayas. Many tongues are spoken in them, for there are many islands and many villages, and there is hardly a village that has not its own dialect. But the chief tongues are the Boholan, which is spoken in Sugbú, and the Hiligain, and they are very similar.”Fray Juan de Medina, (1630) The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898
History of the Augustinian Order in the Filipinas Islands by Fray Juan de Medina a native of Sevilla, prior of the monastery of Santo Nio de Ceb and past minister to the communities of Ibahay, Aclán, Dumangas, Passi, and Panay. In 1630, he wrote the document himself.
Fray Juan de Medina was born at Sevilla, and entered the Augustinian convent of that city. On reaching the Philippines he was assigned to the Bisayan group, and was known to those natives by the name of the “apostle of Panay.” A zealous worker, he was wont on feast days to preach to his flock in three languages – Bisayan, Chinese, and Spanish. He was minister at Laglag in 1613, at Mambusao in 1615, at Dumangas in 1618, at Panay in 1619, and at Passi in 1623; prior of the convent at Cebu in 1626; and definitor in 1629.
How did Mindanao get its name?
The word Mindanao is a Spanish transliteration of the Maguindanao, the dominant ruling ethnic group in the Sultanate of Maguindanao of southwest Mindanao during the Spanish colonial period. From M(agu)indanao to Mindanao.
It was Villalobos in 1543 gave our nation its current name, “Islas Filipinas,” in honor of Prince Philip, the son of King Charles and Queen Elizabeth, who eventually ascended the throne of Spain.
The Bisaya People
REFERENCES: • · G. Nye Steiger, H. Otley Beyer, Conrado Benitez, A History of the Orient, Oxford: 1929, Ginn and Company, pp. 122–123. • · · Zorc, David Paul. The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction. Canberra, Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1977. • · · Cf. BLAIR, Emma Helen & ROBERTSON, James Alexander, eds. (1911). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803. Volume 04 of 55 (1493-1803). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord BOURNE. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. ISBN 978-0554259598. OCLC 769945704. “Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century.”, pp. 257–260. • · · Jovito S. Abellana, “Bisaya Patronymesis Sri Visjaya” (Ms., Cebuano Studies Center, ca. 1960) • · · Argos, B. M. (26 November 2007). “Binukot: Revisiting Western Visayas’ only indigenous group”. Retrieved 18 April 2015. • · · Paul Morrow (1998). “The Maragtas Legend”. Retrieved 17 April 2014. • · · Maria Christine N. Halili (2004). Philippine History. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 9–10. ISBN 971-233-934-3. • · · Celedonio G. Aguilar (1994). Readings in Philippine Literature. Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc. pp. 64–67. ISBN 971-231-564-9. • · · Rasul, Jainal D. (2003). Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities. Quezon City: CARE Minorities. p. 77.
Visayans
The Visayans or Visayan people The Visayans or Visayan people (Visayan languages and Tagalog: mga Bisaya) are a Filipino ethnic group whose members share a great extent of cultural, historical and linguistic affinity stretching across islands within the Visayan Sea. The people are speakers of one or more Visayan languages, the most widely spoken being CEBUANO, HILIGAYNON, AND WARAY-WARAY. They live in the Visayan island group and in many parts of Mindanao.. The Visayans, as one ethnolinguistic umbrella and notwithstanding the population exclusive to that of Visayas, are the largest ethnic group in the country, numbering at around 33 million as of 2010.
KABISAY-AN refers both to the Visayan people collectively and the lands occupied by them. The Anglicized term Visayas (via Hispanized plural form of Bisaya) is commonly used to refer to the latter. Based on loose definitions, the unofficial boundaries of Visayas traditionally comprise the following provinces commonly known where Visayans or people with Visayan culture reside: Aklan, Iloilo, Antique, Guimaras, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Cebu, Siquijor, Bohol, Southern Leyte, Leyte, Biliran, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Samar, Romblon and Masbate.
According to H. Otley Beyer and other anthropologists, the term Visayan was first applied only to the people of PANAY and to their settlements eastward in the island of Negros, and northward in the smaller islands, which now compose the province of Romblon. In fact, at the early part of Spanish colonialization of the Philippines, the Spaniards used the term Visayan only for these areas, while the people of Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte were for a long time known only as Pintados. The name Visayan was later extended to these other islands because, as several of the early writers state, their languages are closely allied to the Visayan “dialect” of Panay. The impression of these similarities was in fact carefully analyzed by David Zorc, who, while able to linguistically classify the Austronesian subfamily termed Visayan languages, noticed their overall connections as one dialect continuum. However, these must not be confused to dialects, since not all Visayan languages contain a unified set of features.
The term Bisaya (Visaya) as applied in the Philippines, does not only refer to people but also to geography and language. Geographically, the Bisayas cover the islands of Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Siquijor, Cebu, Bohol, Bantayan, Camotes, Masbate, Leyte, Biliran, Samar, and numerous smaller islands in the central Philippines. Linguistically, the word Bisaya refers to the language of the people in the region. It should be noted, however, that Bisaya comprises several closely related dialects, principally Aklanon, Kiniray-a, Hiligaynon (Ilongo), Sugbuhanon (Cebuano), and WarayWaray
Source:
1 J o h n C a r r o ll, ” T h e W o rd B is a y a i n t h e P h il ip p in e s a n d B o r n e o ,” S a r a w a k M u s e um J o u r n a l , I X ( J u ly – D e c e m b e r 1 9 6 0 ) , p . 5 3 2 .
To m H a r r is o n , “ B is a y a : B o r n e o – P h ilip p in e I m p a c t s o f I s la m ,’’ S a r a w a k M u s e u m J o u r n a l , V II ( J u n e 1 9 5 6 ) , p . 4 3 .
#
The origin of the Bisaya ethnic tribes in BISAYA islands.
Based on facts compiled in a book Maragtas by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro, written in 1907, there are legends which tells the story of the ten chiefs (Datus) who escaped from the tyranny of Datu Makatunaw from Borneo to the islands of Panay. The chiefs and followers are believed to be the ancestors of the Visayan people. The arrival is celebrated in the Festival of the Ati-Atihan in Kalibo, Aklan.
Massive statues of Bornean datus at Hamtic, Antique
Antique Provincial Board Member Dante Beriong, Binirayan Festival chairman, in the same press conference said that the 10 Bornean datus, who became the first Malay ancestors in the country, established their first settlement in the province during the pre-Hispanic period.
The 10 Bornean datus Datu Puti (the leader), Datu Bangkaya, Datu Dumalugdog, Datu Sumakwel, Datu Lubay, Datu Paiburong, Datu Dumangsil, Datu Balensusa, Datu Paduhinog and Datu Dumangsol left Borneo away from their tyrannical ruler in search for peace and prosperity.
“Although, we lack written evidence about the first Malay settlement but there are oral stories that had been handed down to generations,” Beriong said.
He said there are still family names such as Paduhinog and Bangcaya to support the claim about the arrival of the datus in Antique. (PNA) Source: https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1189787
“While not every detail of the Maragtas account should be considered as truth, the fact is, we have a historical linkage with Borneo or Burnay (Brunei) through Raja Sulayman and Lakandula who established their kingdoms in Tondo and Manila”, stated in one of the articles of Dr. Alicia P. Magos.
Related story: http://alagaw.dict.gov.ph/~s2govantiqueph/historical-background/
The 10 Bornean Datus Datu Puti (the leader), Datu Bangkaya, Datu Dumalugdog, Datu Sumakwel, Datu Lubay, Datu Paiburong, Datu Dumangsil, Datu Balensusa, Datu Paduhinog and Datu Dumangsol
An estimated ten datus from Bornay (Borneo) set out from Brunei in the first part of the thirteenth century, fleeing the oppressive authority of Sultan Makatunao of Borneo, according to oral tradition and early recorded sources. Their goal was to find a place to settle. Hiding out on the island of Panay, they traced the shores of Paragwa (Palawan) in big sailing boats known as “balangay” or “Biniday.” They landed on the edge of Lake Audona, not far from the location of Barrio Sinogbohan in San Joaquin, Iloilo, after sailing shoreward and reaching the southeast tip of the island. One who had previously visited the island is thought to have guided the Bornean datus. At that point serving as Sultan Makatunao’s minister, Datu Puti led the expedition. The other smaller datus that accompanied him were Datu Sumakwel, Bankaya, Paiburong, Paduhinog, Dumlagdog, Dumangsol, Dumangsil, Lubay, and Balkasusa. Some women arrived with them, the most notable of which were Ilohay Tanayan and Ilohay Solinyon, the lovely daughters of Paiburong, Pinang-pangan, wife of Datu Puti, Pabulana, wife of Datu Paiburong, Capinangan, wife of Datu Sumakwel, and Datreng, wife of Dumangsol. Under the rule of Marikudo and his wife Maniwantiwan, the Negrito population of Panay Island, formerly known as Aninipay, constituted the majority of the population at that period. A Negrito was fishing in the lake when the Malayan arrived. He was the one who told the Borneans who their chief was and where his realm was located. The datus met the Marikudo-led Negritos in Sinogbuhan later that day, after they had traveled there with their men and slaves. Without delay, the Borneans expressed their intention to establish a permanent settlement on the island, potentially in the location of Marikudo’s town, and to make friends with the local people. When Marikudo was ready, he would send a messenger to Datu Puti, but in the meantime, he asked him to wait a few days while he spoke with his men about the situation. Not much debate ensued before the men of Marikudo agreed to the proposal. The land was too vast for them to cultivate and inhabit, they reasoned, and they chose to dwell in the mountains where they had their kaingin. Being far from the coast meant that they were safe from the occasional pillage by sea pirates. After that, Marikudo got ready. His soldiers went hunting for fish and crabs, collected edible shells, and went in search of deer and wild hogs. When the Borneans returned, he also gave orders for all of his troops to be present and to bring musical instruments. He asked the Borneans to visit their home after a few days, when everything was prepared. Looking their finest, the Borneans arrived. There was much eating, drinking, and dancing during the next huge feast. The people from Borneo demonstrated their “dinapay” and “sinulog.” Similar to this, the Negritos displayed their “undok-undok” and “urokay.” Following the feast, the conditions of buying Panay were spoken over. Datu Puti asked how big the Negritos’ land was, and one of them answered that if a man went around the island by following the shore and left right after planting rice, he would return in time for the harvest. Marikudo queried the Malays’ willingness to purchase the land, to which they replied. Next, in order to fulfill his financial obligation, Datu Puti sent for a gold washbasin (a gold batiya) and a tropical headgear (a gold sadok). Before starting to dance, Marikudo placed the gold sadok on his head. On the other side, Maniwantiwan started to cry and demanded that she receive anything from the purchase for herself as well, failing which she would not let it through. After that, Datu Puti persuaded his wife Pinangpangan to give Maniwantiwan her gold necklace, which touched the ground, rather than the gold batiya. One tabungos (a big basket made of braided split bamboos), one giant wild pig with protruding fangs, and a gray, cross-eyed deer were among the further gifts that the Negritos pledged to distribute. Along with some axes and beads, the Malays also handed the Negritos other items. Never could the Negritos deliver on their pledge. According to Soncuya, Panay should have cost P57,790.00 using today’s currency. Following their departure towards the mountains, the Borneans cleaned up the area by setting fire to all of the Negritos’ filthy dwellings. Except for Datu Lubay, Datu Dumalugdog, Daty Paduhinog, and Datu Dumangsol, who stayed behind and eventually relocated to a location the others were unaware of, all of them relocated to the new town three days later. In Iloilo, Datu Paiburong moved to an area known as “Lanag” with his wife and men. Following their relocation to Sinogbuhan, three days later, Datu Puti asked his troops to give sacrifices to Bululacaw, their principal deity, and asked Bangutbanua, their head priest, to consult their deity for advice on where to settle. Bangutbanua did as he was told and came out later with the pronouncements that in the southwestern part of the island was the best place for a permanent settlement. Datu Sumakwel was instructed to visit the location by Datu Puti. Datu Sumakwel reported to Datu Puti that the place had a wide fertile plain and abounds with fish. Datu Puti then urged Datu Sumakwel not to stay long in Sinogbuhan but to transfer to Malandog immediately. Three days after the return of Sumakwel from Malandog, Datu Puti informed his men of his desire to go back to Borneo. He gathered his men around him and gave them his last advice. In his absence, he appointed Datu Sumakwel head datu and urged them to respect him as such. Then one night Datu Puti sailed away accompanied by Datu Dumangsil, Datu Balkasusa, their wives, followers and slaves. Hardly had Datu Puti left Panay when Datu Sumakwel effected their transfer to Malandog that had been selected previously as the site for the permanent settlement. In due time the Bornean settlement at Malandog grew. In the course of their exploration around the new place, they came upon habitats of large ants called “hamtichamtic” and they called the place Hamtik. Within a short period the Malayan settlement in Malandog spread out and the population came to be centered in Hamtik. Then about a year after their transfer to Malandog the seven datus came together to a meeting to discuss the establishment of a government among themselves and to provide for their common protection. In that meeting they agreed among other things to name the island Madya-as from the name of one of the highest peaks in the island where their superior god Bulalacaw was supposed to have his abode.
They also agreed to divide the island into three sakops; namely, Hamtik (Antique) to be ruled by Datu Sumakwel, Aklan (Capiz) to be ruled by Datu Bankaya, and Irong-Irong (Iloilo) to be ruled by Datu Paiburong. Sumakwel was to be respected as the chief datu. Datus Lubay, Dumalogdog, Dumangsol and Paduhinog were to remain in Hamtik with Datu Sumakwel and were to serve as advisers to him in his capacity as overlord of Panay. Thus the whole province came to be known and called Hamtik ever since then until the coming of the Spaniards. From Hamtik Datu Sumakwel ruled the island of Panay and Antique became the first important seat of Malayan civilization in the Philippines. As early as 1565 the Spaniards under the leadership of Martin de Goiti explored Panay Island. It was not until 1569, however, that Legaspi finally moved his headquarters to this island in order to avoid the attacks of the Portuguese under Pereira. It was during this period that the Spaniards first visited the place. Hamtik was then already a flourishing Malayan settlement. From Oton the Spaniards gradually exerted their control and influence over the whole island and by the end of the 16th century, Panay was under their control. The Spaniards called the place Antique, a name derived from the Malayan name Hamtik. The Malayan settlement in Hamtik then became the first capital.
The Ilonggos of Panay
The Ilonggo consistently resisted Moro invasions. Every Friday, Muslim pirate Dallan Bakang launched a series of raids on Dumangas from his base in Guimaras. He was resisted in 1763 by the locals, who were headed by a woman by the name of Petra or “Pitay.” In preparation for other attacks, the people of Dumangas town built a tambobo ‘storehouse’, where they kept their food supplies and valuables. It was surrounded by a palisade and thick dalogdog vines. They then sent their ladies and kids to seek safety in Liboo, Barrio Calao. Later, the Spanish erected watchtowers on each corner of the church and reinforced it with stone walls. A church bell, whose sound could be heard as far as Guimaras to the south and Anilao to the north, warned the people of Muslim raids. The folks from Liboo returned to Dumangas feeling more secure. In 1848, however, the warning bell of Dumangas inadvertently brought an attack upon it, when a wandering band of Muslims followed its sound to the town. The last recorded Muslim attack on the Ilonggo was in 1865, on the island of Zapatos in northern Panay.
Pintados were seen in Panay and nearby areas when the Spaniards arrived on Panay Island. Pintados who belong to the warrior class were called “hangaway pintados” (tattooed warriors). These tattooed warriors were known as fierce and skilled warriors. #
Because of their tattooed bodies, the early Spanish invaders called the inhabitants of these islands Pintados, or “Painted Ones.” As a result, the Visayan islands, which comprised Panay and Negros, were first known as Las Islas de los Pintados (Islands of the Painted Ones) and then as Bisayas de los Pintados (Islands of the Painted Ones) during the early years of Spanish colonialism. Cebu served as the capital of the province that included these islands. However, not all pintados, or tattooed individuals, were governed by Cebu. For instance, despite being populated by pintados, Marinduque was not a part of the Bisayas de los Pintados administratively.
External assaults fell victim to Panay. Nine Muslim invasions of Panay occurred between 1569 and 1606. Muslims primarily targeted the cities of Oton, Arevalo, and the island of Pan de Azucar off the coast of Iloilo between 1603 and 1606. There were several Dutch invasions in 1606. The coastal cities of Panay and its tiny islands were attacked in 1616 by a coalition of Dutch and Muslim forces. Therefore, Arevalo’s susceptibility to Muslim and Dutch invasion forced the Spaniards to move the government’s headquarters to La Punta in 1637, where they constructed a stone fort to replace the one constructed in 1602. Additionally, there was a lighthouse, whose location is now known as the Parola. Around the fort, which was subsequently called Estanzuela, a fish market and other shops grew. Around this location, Iloilo City expanded gradually.
BISAYA PEOPLE OF BORNEO
On the island of Borneo, the Bisaya are another indigenous group that originates from the northwest coast of East Malaysia. They are mostly found in the Limbang District of Sarawak, Kuala Penyu, Menumbok, Sipitang, Labuan Federal Territory, and the area surrounding Beaufort. The Dusun Tatana tribe and the Bisaya tribe are quite close, particularly in terms of language. If they converse with one another, it is clear that some of their dialogical language exchanges are nearly identical. Currently, the majority of Bisaya in Sarawak are Christians while the majority of Bisaya in Sabah are Muslims. Although they should not be mistaken with the Dusun people of Sabah, they go by the names Dusun, Jati Dusun, and Bisaya in Brunei. The Bisaya people are also recognized as Dayak kin, despite the fact that they are native to Borneo and were not imported there.
The Bisaya, Dusun, Kadazan, and Rungus ethnic groups and other peoples in the Malaysian province of Sabah on Borneo speak a set of languages collectively known as dusunic languages.In Sabah, the majority of the Dusun and Kadazan are Roman Catholic Christians. There are also small numbers of Muslims and adherents to other traditional religions.
sakay ( to ride)
manuk ( chicken)
walay ( house)
dula ( saliva)
kudot ( pinch)
putol ( to cut)
panaw ( to walk)
uli ( to go home)
inum ( to drink)d
ila ( tounge)
open ( ukab)
nakasala (did a mistake)
rice crop = (parai)
Isai ngaran nu? (What is your name)
Ngaran ku ih (My name is )
Origin and etymology
The origins of the name of the Bisaya people have given rise to a number of theories from various experts. The name may have originated from the Sri Vijaya empire, according to Beyer H.O. in 1926, Hester E.D. in 1954, and Harrison in 1956 (Sonza, 1972). Eugene Vestraelen, a professor of linguistics at the University of San Carlos in Cebu City, warned that Vijaya’s linguistic derivation would not be Bisaya but rather Bidaya or Biraya in 1960.
Another theory was suggested by John Carroll: John Carroll (1961:499–541) speculates that the term “Visaya” may be derived from the Sanskrit word “Vaisya,” which refers to the third caste in the Hindu caste system. The phrase “Bisaya” from the Philippines, which appeared in Malay texts, meaning “slave” or “the country of slaves” and referred to a region of the Philippines where slaves were formerly discovered and kidnapped.— The word Bisaya in the Philippines and Borneo by Joh Carroll, 1960, Sarawak Museum Journal
It’s unknown where the word “Visayan” came from. According to some historians, it alludes to Shri Vijaya, the fabled ancestral homeland of the Visayans and an ancient island empire in Southeast Asia. Others see the phrase as a direct translation of the happiness-descriptive Visayan sadya or Tagalog saya. The latter version appears to stem from the stereotype that Visayans are a generally laid-back, fun loving and happy-go-lucky people. But as Visayans themselves would put it, they are a hardworking people who just know how to enjoy life.
Despite two scholars, Juan Francisco and Lourdes Rausa-Gomez, debunking this myth way back in the 1960-70s in scholarly journals and at least one book. https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/209462/persistence-of-the-sri-vishaya-hoax
The legend known as the Maragtas recounts the history of Iloilo from the 13th century, when Datu Puti and his fellow Datus, along with their families, warriors, and slaves, fled from Borneo’s tyranny and landed at the mouth of the Sirawag River, which is now the town of San Joaquin. They eventually settled there.
” Don Gonzalo Ronquillo founded a Spanish town in the island of Panay, in Oton, which he named Arevalo. During his term, the trade with the Chinese increased, and he built a market-place and Parian for them within the city, where the Chinese could bring and sell their merchandise” Antonio Morga, in his book, SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS described the Visayan men and women as “very clean and elegant in their persons and dresses, and of goodly mien and grace.” Ilongos as what Spanish documented of them 1582 – Book was written in Arevalo by Miguel De Loarca
Language of the Ilonggo
Ilonggo is sometimes referred to as the language, however Hiligaynon is the recognized standard tongue, and Ilonggo has never been a language. Although traditionally Ilonggo has never been referred to be the language, it is acceptable to refer to Hiligaynon as the language or people of Iloilo.
When Spaniard went to Iloilo they had written an account here to describe what the native people call themselves in Panay as Hiligaynon and Their language .“ The people of the coast, who are called the Yligueynes”, (Miguel De Loarca – Relaciones 1582 , Arevalo Yloylo).
Ilonggo is not a language
Ilonggo refers to people who trace their ethnic roots or bloodline to Iloilo Province on Panay’s Bisaya Island. The Ilonggo people speak the Bisaya language called Hiligaynon.
Ilonggo people also speak the Bisaya language called Kinaray-a in Iloilo province in the city of Passi and the municipalities of Alimodian, San Joaquin, Lambunao, Calinog, Leon, Miag-ao, Pavia, Badiangan, San Miguel, Guimbal, San Enrique, Tigbauan, Igbaras, Leganes, Pototan, Bingawan, San Rafael, Mina, Zarraga, Oton, Santa Barbara, Cabatuan, Janiuay, Maasin, New Lucena, Dueñas, Dingle, and Tubungan.
Hiligaynon, also a Bisaya language, is spoken in Bacolod and Negros Occidental, Roxas, Guimaras, and parts of Cotabato in Mindanao. To learn more please watch https://www.facebook.com/100082952553686/videos/411944054288908
Etymology of Hiligaynon language and Ilonggo People:
- The term “Hiligaynon” is derived from the Spanish term “Yligueynes”, which is then derived from the Hiligaynon word “Iligan” or “Iliganon”
- Iligan or “Iliganon” refers to a river, or literally “where the water flows down”
- “Iligan” or “Iliganon” is derived from “manog-ilig sang kawayan”, a phrase that describes bamboo poles.
The term “Ilonggo” is derived from the Spanish term “irong-irong”, referring to the Filipino word for nose (“ilong”) and an islet in the Batiano River in Iloilo, Panay. Irong-Irong (shaped like a nose), which was later known as Iloilo.
“Ilonggo” is considered to define a specific group of people whose ethnic origins are in the provinces of Iloilo, Guimaras, and Panay, while “Hiligaynon” defines the language and culture of the Ilonggo people.Thus, both terms are interchangeable in referring to the culture of the people or the people themselves
wiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiligaynon_people
Watch Ilonggo is NOT a language https://www.facebook.com/100082952553686/videos/411944054288908
Austronesian languages
In terms of the number of languages they contain and the number of places where they are spoken, the Austronesian languages rank among the largest language families in the world. Most of the Indonesian archipelago, including the Philippines, Madagascar, island groups in the Central and South Pacific, Malaysia, and large portions of Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Taiwan, speak an Austronesian language. Among the major Austronesian languages are those spoken in the Philippines, such as Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicol, Waray-Waray, and Kapampangan; Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, the Batak languages, Acehnese, Balinese, and Buginese; and Malagasy, which is spoken in Madagascar. Over a million people speak each of these languages, totaling over 386 million people worldwide.
Enrique De Mallaca
In his last will, Magellan identifies Enrique as a mulatto native of Malacca, which is now a part of contemporary Malaysia. Alternatively, Pigafetta claimed that he originated from Sumatra, which is located just across the Strait of Malacca in modern-day Indonesia. It is generally acknowledged that Enrique was of Malay ethnicity.
Enrique speaks Malay, Spanish and Portuguese, and according to Pigafetta, is from Sumatra. Linguists contend that a Sumatran would not have had the same level of proficiency in the Visayan language spoken in the central Philippines as Enrique did when the expedition initially arrived there in early 1521. Enrique’s fluency in the local language helped Magellan forge an alliance with the authorities at the time and was crucial to the mass baptizations that would take place later.
Some think that Enrique may have grown up in the central Philippines before being sold into slavery in Sumatra. He later traveled to Malacca where Magellan bought him. Another possibility is for Enrique to have been born of Filipino parents in Sumatra or Malacca where he lived in a ‘Filipino Town’ community similar to ‘China Town’ communities around the world, from whence he came to the service of Magellan.
After the Massacre of Cebu, which occurs four days after the Battle of Mactan, Enrique vanishes from the annals of history.
Since Enriquez knows Malay language, he was able to understand some Cebuano words and was able to communicate with locals when they arrived in Limasawa and Cebu. In pre-Spanish time, many Austronesian words were similar in many different Austronesian languages, such as Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray-Waray, Kinaray-a, which are spoken in the Bisaya region in the Philippines; Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, the Batak languages; Acehnese, Balinese, and Buginese, which are spoken in western Indonesia; and Malagasy. But some of the old Austronesian words have changed over time due to influence from other languages.
THE BIGGEST BISAYA CONFUSION 2
The main reason many Ilonggos, Aklanon, Capiznon, Waray, etc. think that they are not Bisaya and the Cebuano speakers are only Bisaya is that for many years, even since the 1950s or even earlier, when we the Cebuano speakers introduce ourselves to other people, we always say “Bisaya kami” or “We speak Bisaya” or “Akala ko Bisaya ka rin”
Typical conversation when Cebuano speakers introduce themselves to others:
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Conversation 1
Meron Nag uusap na dalawa tao sa Barko punta sa Mindanao.
Pinoy: Kumusta, taga saan ka?
Cebuano speaker: Taga Pagadian ako.
Pinoy: Ano salita ninyo sa Pagadian?
Cebuano speaker: Bisaya salita namin.’
Pinoy: Ahhh ganun ba, ako ay taga Iloilo.
Cebuano speaker: ahh Ilonggo ka pala! “Akala ko Bisaya ka rin.”
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Naturally, when other Visayans, even people from Luzon, hear this over and over again for many years in the streets and on social media, they will start to absorb that the Cebuano speakers are the Bisaya, not the Ilonggos, not the Aklanon, etc., especially those who do not know the Bisaya history.
Of course, when Ilonggos, Aklanon, Waray, etc. keep hearing from Cebuano speakers, “Bisaya kami,” “We speak Bisaya,” or “Akala ko Bisaya ka rin,” This makes them feel deprived of their Bisaya identity.
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Double Bisaya Confusion
During the last 10 years, I’ve interviewed a lot of Cebuano speakers, mostly in Mindanao. Many of them don’t know much about Bisaya history and think they are Bisaya people, but not Ilonggos, Waray, Aklanon, etc. This kind of statement makes other Visayans feel deprived of their Bisaya identity.
Another thing they don’t recognize is that Cebuano is the name of their language. They say that only people from Cebu speak the Cebuano language, but not in Mindanao.
Furthermore, if one says they speak Bisaya, that would cause confusion because you wouldn’t know which Bisaya language it is. I think the best way to resolve this is to specify which Bisaya language the person is speaking. For example, I speak Bisaya Cebuano, or I speak Bisaya Waray, etc.
I think the solution of this issue if for Ilonggos, Aklanon, Capiznon, Waray, Cebuano speakers etc. to learn the Bisaya history so the next conversation would change to:
Pinoy: Kumusta, taga saan ka?
Cebuano speaker: Taga Pagadian ako.
Pinoy: Ano salita ninyo sa Pagadian?
Cebuano speaker: Cebuano ang Bisaya namin na salita.
Pinoy: Ahhh ganun ba, Bisaya din ako taga Iloilo, ang Bisaya language namin ay Hiligaynon.
Cebuano speaker: ahhhh pareho pala tayo mga Bisaya.
Relate topic: Naay incident sa una sa Noon time tv show, naay duha ka contestants ang sulti nga Bisaya sila pareho, then gi pa adto sila duha sa stage para pa istoryahon sila duha, na unsa man nga wa sila nag ka sinabot, kay ang osa Waray ang osa kay Cebuano speaker. Mao dapat gyud e specify which Bisaya language sinultian para avoid confusion.
.
There are also many Ilonggos, Aklanon, Waray, etc. who know Bisaya history and know that they are also Bisaya, not just the Cebuano speakers…
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Conversation 2
Cebuano Speaker: Tawag namin nito sa Bisaya ay budbud.
Hiligaynon Speaker: Sa amin sa Ilonggo tawag namin nyan ay ibos.
In this conversation, it seems like the Cebuano speaker is not aware that the Ilonggos are also Bisaya. The Hiligaynon speaker is not aware that Hiligaynon is also Bisaya and is also not aware that Ilonggo is not a language but means the people of Iloilo province.
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According to Antonio Pigafetta, there was no writing system in the Bisaya islands in 1521.
When Miguel Lopez de Legazpi came to Bisaya islands in 1565, he saw Visayans using a script.
Alonso de Mentrida was one of the first to use baybayin script to write Bisaya Diccionario de la Lengua Bisaya, Hiligueina, and Haraya de la Isla de Panay (Dictionary of the Bisaya, Hiligaynon, and Karay-a Language of the Island of Panay) 1637.
The Philippine Islands did not have names during the pre-Spanish era.
When the Spanish expatriates first came to the Philippines, the islands did not have names, there was no writing system.
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I believe the first Bisaya people landed in Panay, Western Visayas, and then proceeded to various islands in the nearby islands, such as Cebu, Romblon, Negros, Bohol, Siquijor, Guimaras, Masbate, Leyte, and Samar. Over hundreds of years, the Bisaya languages on each island evolved and changed over time, but many of the Bisaya words remain. For example, if you listen to the Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Aklanon, and Waray languages, there are many similar Bisaya words.
The slow rate of language development means that yearly variations are nearly undetectable..For instance, a little creature with feathers and wings was referred to as a brid in Old English.The pronunciation eventually became bird.
Trade, conquest, colonization, and immigration can also alter language. Words, phrases, and grammatical structures may be borrowed as a result of this.
Traditional theories of historical linguistics distinguish between three main types of change: borrowing, which happens when a language or dialect takes on characteristics from another language or dialect; analogical change, which happens when a word changes to more closely resemble another word in shape or grammatical behavior; and systematic change in phoneme pronunciation, also known as sound change.
Hiligaynon and Cebuano languages have many similar bisaya vocabulary words.
Here is the list of common Bisaya words in Hiligaynon and Cebuano, also in Waray, Aklanon, Capiznon, Kinaray-a, Bantoanon, Romblomanon, Surigaonon, Butuanon etc
Bayli Lipay gihapon dumala ginatugutan magpabilin natungdan kabubut-on Mando hipos gidakoan dumdumon tolon pagka-hunas Gipatuman palatontonan tanum Panitan pulihan Sugo isalig kabubot-on Pinulongan aslum Lawas liug gasaka igu kuhaan dungag semana balay tuig sugilanon nalipay Kahigayonan gilauman Dugang takna pinaagi batok utan. Atobangon hakwat pas-an pakigbahin banga Tandog sabtanay Halok masaka mawad- potot patoman Splilikar gamay dako Tawo lantaw lingaw Likay nawong gl gibantog hadlok Katongdanan Kaya ba ihatag tanan gagmay kinahanglan Batasan liog puslan halog islan lauman Agwanta dalan pataka bag-o liso Naanad kit- anay pulong kulintas udto Gisi mao gani nasiplatan tonga ampo makabuhi ginansya libuton padayun tagaan kalingawan sayop pangayo sakpan. Duol palihug salig. bogto kabahin gaduhaduha badlis tag-iya pulos tingog panikhig babaye kulbaan didto Wagtang lokso guba basol Magulang kawat luwas kalipay daug gubaon kilid tinta tipon tobos tokar tokob tokod tulis tultul tulud tulun tumban tungtung tupung tusluk tuun tuway Angayan hulaman tingala bulagan panguha tambok Nag-himo siya istorya tilap hikot Bitoon pisik kaayohan dupa sugod halad natingala suyop iti binlan Ngalan maglabay hapit Gahum Gabaan Paghapa panimalay Paaboton tindog bayran panagang palid kuyapan higda karsada lubog balos lipong libak suga Magtoon tudlo naluuy hasta lilion piniliay tonla baliskad pama-agi basin basi luwaan imbis gamut padulong atobangan bantog duso kamo bug-at pasalig Kan- Badlong humay adlaw balon pag-pauli sulod pila dawaton mauga singgit Pagluwas sakop katoltol Paninguha gapos logos baligya Pahibalo pangitaa Kilat dalogdog takilid Bulan baha Tarong tubo Lab-as malingaw higugma naglaum matuman Galibog pasakaon pasudla bahog lapad hatod Paglaum Baskog Lusot pahimuslan pasulabi Daan padayunon hasang timaan timawa ginapangita Pananglit hubag tomar gamhanan palimpyo tambong ugangan parente sugba manghod tanyag kutob Wala man dili angkon eskuwelahan kalimotaw gamiton talom tonok labina idasok padayon Maagian nagdayon Kontra nakabati Nabilin pang- apaw tagsa mag-uuma ikaayo sa Bugtaw matag makasabot Manghud Pangandam hubas Dungan tamna Kabobot- higayon kawatan bation humok kabati nahimo mahimo pirme bisan Amping todlo ka suba hawan Pagtoon lumos dapit imo Dúgang luuy pabilin balibad pahuway magsaka kapoy kulentas pasaylo Bugas toyo uswag yahúng úndang umágad túnaw tomba Dakop yáwyaw ábi úwang útan únung údtu tyábaw tutúnlan tolod Pamati tugnaw Suguon Subayon BaLas Kaluuy ginikanan wisík Kahigayunan balaka butang kahimtang kinaiya tilaw hubog gipaabot malipayon Balud labaw ambot hayahay tungod damgo buhat sumbag Kaugalingon poyo kabalo abe labing-maayo isig-katawo dunlan lapas tagam pugong pana bangkaw bugsay hagdan lumay dagum lumus lubot panit tinae bungol utog panganod bulawan kabuhi gugma kaon lunod pakighilawas pukaw antos ilok tiil batiis baba tuhod abaga buhi bana bayaw bula buslot baybay dagoob balod lasang unod pait dolom parat tam-is itom dyutay ulihi tuo guwapa kusog luya balahibo ilaga kabug lutaw saka dalagan tuwad kalot pangita higot pahid potos tunga uwang tukár tubú ímbang Sadya togtan Gaba gadali kahapit tawhay sikaran baroto malikayan paghimo tin-aw ganahan hibaloon todloan hampakon atop dayun ginamos sag-ob tilawan kasayoran kalibutan galaum isog samok tokoron sagol gaan ibabaw kaabtik tab-ang uban yabi abog abri abtik abtan adto agalon agbay agoy agtang palangga Soholan alagad gikan igo apas daog Agawon Bahandi Bayaran Buut Dakpon Danlog Dumot Eksakto Gahom Gakos Gina Ginatuman Halokan Himoon Hinay Hinlo Ibobo Kaayo Kabukiran Kadugay Karon Katawhan Katingalahan Lagom Looy balik Maguba Mahatagan Makaluto Makatodlo Makigkita Mantinir Naa Nabalaka Nakahibalo Natabo Natongdan Pagkabutang Paglupad Pagpauli Pagtoo Palayo Pangibabaw Sablagan Sala Sudlan Sugot Tabon Tago Tanom Tohog Tomana Utro abot agay agdahon akto alang amiga amigo andam anogon atimanon ato atobang away tan-awon bahin balibaran bangko bangkol basihan baso basolon bawion baybayon biyaan buang bugaw buhaton buhian bukal bulag butangan dagway dakpan dalhon dasma dayon desidido dira duaw dugay duha dukol galampos gasaulog gihigugma ginadayonan ginhawa gipahimoslan gyud hagad hatagan hibalo hilabtan himakak hinolsol hitabo homay hulam hulat huway ihabla ihawa ihawon ika ilambos init ipa ipakita ipasaka ipatoman kabalos kabataan kada kahoyan kalamay kalimtan kalimti kamot kanta kastigo kasuguan katalagman katol kaunon kinahanglanon kuhaon kulba kunu kurog kusoga iluk kwarta labi labot lambos laum labyan lomos lugod luib lumba luto ma maanad mabuhat madakpan mahadlok mahibal maka makahibalo makalingaw makig mandoan manduan mangamoyo mangayo mangita manguha manunudlo masaligan matahom matoman matumba na nahadlok nahitabo nahulog nahuman nakit- nangayo niadtong ninyo niwang padoding pagdako pagkaon pagsaulog pahalipay pahilabot pahulay pakaon palibog palibot palihog pamahaw pananglitan pangitaon panulay pasabton pasudlon pinalanggaon piyong pongko pugngan pundo pungko sabton salawayon samad samtang sandig silingan silot simhotan sogilanon subo sulong sungayon suya tabang tabok tahi talaw tarongon tawganay testingi tingoha tinguha tognaw togotan toltolan tomanon tugutan tyabaw ulanan unahon ungangan lantawon unong uyab kabo sologoon Nagkalain tungud salog Ila Dagko peste yawa pasilongan hawod mahuman hilawas masayop namunit Nakig donlan hunahuna agdahon paon nagisi nabali sapa among katilingban pamaagi Domdom pa Gabok usik panapton pilit hàlayan anod yawyaw lupad hawiran lihok paksi lampos ulahi laoman mangità sapà tinir mo pusila Nabutang kagaw labay siplat Baylo limpyo Pinag-iyahan potlon Pahoway Gaksanay Saylo Boloyagon yati bukid ílógon Sawayon .. and many more Cebuano language and Hiligaynon language similar Bisaya words not listed
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from the article…
The term Cebuano has attracted some objections. For example, generations of Cebuano speakers living in Leyte, Bohol, and northern Mindanao (Dipolog, Dapitan, Misamis West, Misamis East, and Butuan coastal areas) believe that their ancestry is not from immigrants or immigrants. , traces it back to the Cebuano-speaking indigenous people of the land. Settlers from the Visayan Islands. Furthermore, they ethnically call themselves Visayans rather than Cebuanos and call their language Binisaya <<<<<<<<######### I can relate to this denial or issue for many years since I live in Pagadian Zamboanga Del Sur just a 2 hour trip to Dipolog. Yung observation ko lang base mga interviews ko sa mga Cebuano speakers sa Mindanao the reason sa hesitance nila to call their language Cebuano is usually hinde naman daw sila ethnic Cebuano or hinde sila taga Cebu. Yung way of explaining to them para ma accept nila na Cebuano ang language natin sa Mindanao at hinde Bisaya ay alamin nila muna ang ethnicity.
For example sa Pagadian, Cebuano language ang salita dito pero ang mga tawo sa Pagadian ay around estimate ko lang mga 40% lang taga Cebu origin ng parents nila, then from Ilocos around 30%, then 30% others…
Bali yung mga nag sasabe na Bisaya sila ina ask ko kung taga saan originally parents iya or ancestry then pag sabihin nila na taga Batangas both parents then e explain ko na then yung Ethnicity mo ay hinde Bisaya, ikaw ay Tagalog Batangueno pero salit mo ay Cebuano language. Some people pag sabihin nila na ang ancestry ng father nya from Aklan and ancestry ng mother nya ay from Ilocos then ini explain ko na yung Ethnicity mo ay half Ilocano and half bisaya – Aklanon and you speak the Cebuano language, then naliliwagan sila they accept na Cebuano language nila at ini explain ko na kalat ang Cebuano language sa Mindanao dahil early Sugbuanons nag cross to Southen Leyte then to Surigao and so on, also maraming Cebuano speakers from Cebu nag migrate sa Mindanao during President Elpidio Quirino’s proclamation No. 376, or Philippine resettlement program, on March 10, 1953. Yung Zamboanga City 30 years ago kunti lang nag sasalit ng Cebuano, ngayun sobra dami kaya mga Chavacanos kinda nervous na wipe out eventually ang Chavacano language in the future at mapalitan ng Cebuano majority katulad nangyari duun sa Cavite nawala ang Chavano speakers napalitan na totally ng Tagalog.
- Manuel Lino FaelnarAuthorGeorgie Gonzaga , Thsnk you. You would e surprised that a lifetime ago when I was growing up in Cebu City (I am now 84 years old) we called what we spoke Binisaya.. I only learned it was officially called Cebuano when I was I was in college in Manila. I also learned that the Warays abd Ilonggos at that time also called what they spoke Binisayä Dr. Merlie Alunan of Panay and Tacloban and Dr Voltaire Oyzon of UP Tacloban as well as Philip Khalid of Bacolod can attest to this. Infact Dr. Alunan and Dr. Oyxon insist thacWaray is Binisayä language..Whatv they are doing in Mindanao abd what tge Census office of NSA are doing is causing confusion in linguistic identity. You are right in your clarifications to Cebuano speakers of different ethnic ancestry in Mindanao. LUDABI, the guild of writers in Cebuano is very much akuve and active in Iligan City and Valencia Bukidnon while it is dormant in Cebu City after the death if Sec. Adelino Sitoy.
Source:
Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas by Miguel de Loarca 1582
Title: The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803
The First Voyage Round the World_Pigafetta’s Account of Magellan’s Voyage –
Pigafetta’s Account of Magellan’s Voyage
The Philippine Islands, 1493−1898
by Dr. ANTONIO DE MORGA
Mentrida, Alonso de, 1559-1637: Diccionario de la Lengua Bisaya, Hiligueina y Haraya de la Isla de Panay (in Spanish; Manila: Imp. de D. By Manuel y de D. Felis S. Dayot, 1841)
“Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya”
by Mateo Sanchez, completed in 1616.
Arte de la lengua Bisaya Hiligayna de la Isla de Panay” grammar manual
by Alonso De Mentrida was finished in 1617. The “Arte de la lengua Bisaya Hiligayna de la Isla de Panay” dictionary, was released in 1637.
https://www.filipinogenealogy.com/2014/01/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html
https://youtu.be/411tjOvL39Y
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayan_languages
https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/209462/persistence-of-the-sri-vishaya-hoax
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Cebuano-and-Visayan
Ilonggo is not a language https://www.facebook.com/100082952553686/videos/411944054288908
list of languages in the Philipines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Cebuano-and-Visayan/answer/Francis-Triexl-Kyle-Gobi
#bisaya #binisaya #ilonggo #hiligaynon #waray #cebuano #aklanon #capiznon
Tagalog = Cebuano meaning
Hawak (holding) = Waist
Aso (dog) = smoke
Langgam (ants) = Bird
Baril = metal drum
Libog (horny) = confused
ilog (river)= take something from someone
bitaw (release)= really
utong (nipples) = hold breath
Libang (have fun) = to take a poop
bangaw (big fly) = rainbow
boto (to vote) = female genitalia
kiki (female genitalia) = food particle between the teeth
gubat (forest) = war
habol (chase, ) = dull and blanket
ilaga (to boil) = mouse, rat
laban (to go against) = to take side
mama (man) = to chew betel nuts
ngitngit (hate) = dark
oso (bear) = trend, fashion
pako ( nail) = wings
ubos (empty) = below
sama (to come with somone) = “like a” or “similar with”
kamot (scratch) = hand
turok = plant grow
hain (serve food) = where
buhat (carry) = doing something
Tagalog Language = Cebuano Language
Monggo Monggos
Nalito Libog
Ibon Langgam
Usok Aso
Pangit Bati
Pigil Hinga Utong
Giyera Gubat
Madilim Ngitngit
Baywang Hawak
Makipagkita Sugat
Pakpak Pako
Agaw Ilog
Kumot Habol
Ginagawa Buhat
Tumae Malibang
Kamay Kamot
Talaga Bitaw
Saan Hain
Cebuano Language is the spoken language in Negros Oriental, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Zambonga Del Sur, Zambonga Del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Lanao Del Norte, Lanao Del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Davao Del Norte, Davao Del Sur, Davao De Oro, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Dinagat Islands, Surigao Del Norte, Bukidnon.
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This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged 10 bornean datus, aklan, Aklanon, Alonso de, Alonso de Mentrida, antique, Austronesian, bacolod, Bantoanon, binisaya, bisaya, bisaya confusion, bohol, capiz, Capiznon, cdo, cebu, Cebuano, Cuyonon, davao, dipolog, dumaguete, gensan, guimaras, Hiligaynon, iloilo, ilonggo, kalibo, Kinaray-a, lapu-lapu, leyte, magell, magellan, Malayo-Polynesian, Maragtas, masbate, Negros, ozamiz, pagadian, panay, Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro, pegafetta, pigafetta, Romblomanon, romblon, Samar’, Shri Vijaya, Siquijor, subanen, Tausug, Visayan. Bookmark the permalink. Edit
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